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- They will lend according to deeds: banks will be obliged to take into account debts on housing and communal services and alimony when issuing loans
They will lend according to deeds: banks will be obliged to take into account debts on housing and communal services and alimony when issuing loans
Even a debt for a communal apartment can put an end to a mortgage or a new loan. The Central Bank wants to oblige banks to include non-payment of housing and communal services and alimony in the debt burden if the case has already reached the bailiffs, "Izvestia" found out. Installments from developers are also planned to be added to the calculation. This way, financial organizations will see previously hidden obligations and will be less likely to give money to clients on the verge of insolvency. But access to loans will narrow, and a delay in updating data may leave even a person who has already closed a debt without a loan. Whether this will force people to repay their obligations on time and which part of the citizens is at risk of ending up in MFIs is in the "Izvestia" material.
Who will find it more difficult to take out loans
To assess the reliability of the client, banks contact the Bureau of Credit histories (BCI). By law, it stores information about loans and delinquencies, installments, bankruptcy, loan applications and refusals. Creditors use these data, among other things, to calculate the debt burden indicator (PD).
Credit history and personal data are not the same thing. The first is the borrower's dossier, and the second shows how much of his income is spent on monthly payments. The BCI collects information, and the bank calculates the client's workload based on it.
Currently, individual debts that are not related to loans may also be included in the credit history. As explained by Alexey Volkov, Marketing Director of the National Bureau of Credit Histories (NBKI), since 2015, it has been allowed to record a court decision on collecting utility bills that was not executed within ten days. The information is provided by the utilities themselves, but the law gives them the right to do so, rather than oblige them to do so. Therefore, the practice remains limited: according to the expert, currently only a little more than 150 organizations from 50 regions send such information to the NBKI.
Deputies had previously proposed to expand the exchange. Their bill obliges the BCI to request from the Federal Bailiff Service (FSSP) data on all outstanding property obligations for which enforcement proceedings have been initiated. In particular, we are talking about debts for housing and communal services, communication services and alimony. In February 2026, the State Duma adopted the document in the first reading, but it has not yet reached the second reading.
The Central Bank has gone further in the draft of the Main directions of financial market development for 2027-2029 ("Izvestia" studied the document). The regulator suggests not only transmitting this information to the BCI, but also obliging creditors to include it in the calculation of the debt burden. Thus, the delay in alimony, utilities or other property obligations will not just be visible to the bank: it will increase the assessment of the client's workload and may reduce his chances of a new loan.
In addition, the Central Bank intends to oblige creditors to take into account payments under installment agreements, information about which their operators have been transmitting to the BKI since April 2026. Separately, the regulator will work out the inclusion of installments from developers in the PD. Now the bank may not know that the client is already paying the cost of the apartment directly to the developer. If such payments are included in the calculation, the size of the available loan may decrease, and with a high workload, a person may be refused, follows from the logic of the regulator's proposal.
"Izvestia" sent inquiries to the Bank of Russia and the Federal Migration Service.
How can the new customer assessment system work?
The initiative continues the Central Bank's policy of reducing debt burden and will help banks more accurately assess customer opportunities, said Maria Ermilova, Associate Professor at the Department of Finance for Sustainable Development at Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. Now creditors are taking into account the obligations from the BCI. However, some of the debts do not get there even after the initiation of enforcement proceedings.
According to the expert, the FSSP information will allow banks to better assess a person's situation and reduce the risk of issuing money to someone who is already unable to cope with payments. The measure will not affect people without such delay, she stressed.
Maria Ermilova showed how this can work using a conditional example. Let's say a person receives 80 thousand rubles a month and pays 15 thousand on a loan. His personal income tax is 18.8%: payments take less than a fifth of his income. At the same time, he has a debt for housing and communal services of 50 thousand, for which enforcement proceedings have been opened.
This amount may not be included in the calculation now. After the introduction of the norm, the bank will take it into account. For example, if you divide the debt into two years, the load will increase by about 2.1 thousand rubles per month. The total payment will reach 17.1 thousand, and the personal income tax will reach 21.4%. It will remain moderate, but the available amount of the new loan will decrease. With larger obligations, the bank may refuse the client, the expert explained. The specific methodology has yet to be determined by the Central Bank.
This is not about any delay, Maria Ermilova emphasized. If a person has delayed paying for utilities, but the management company has not gone to court and the case has not reached the bailiffs, this will not affect the personal data. Only obligations with open enforcement proceedings will be included in the calculation.
The innovation can also speed up the repayment of housing and alimony debts, independent economist Viktor Mangazeev believes. According to him, utility arrears are often considered a "soft" debt: collection is delayed, but it does not directly interfere with access to loans. If enforcement proceedings begin to affect issuance, such obligations will cease to be invisible to banks. This will be the main practical effect of the initiative, he believes.
What are the risks of introducing new rules?
By itself, a debt of 50 thousand rubles does not mean that the personal income tax of a person with an income of 100 thousand rubles will automatically amount to 50%, said Natalia Milchakova, a leading analyst at Freedom Global. The bank will take into account not the entire debt, but the monthly payment. For example, if 10 thousand are repaid within five months, the load will be 10% if there are no other obligations. However, delay and enforcement proceedings will become a risk signal for the lender and reduce the client's chances of receiving money. According to her assessment, a high key interest rate or an increase in real incomes can reduce creditworthiness more.
As Viktor Mangazeev recalled, starting in October 2026, the Central Bank reduces the limits on the issuance of unsecured consumer loans to people with high workload. With PD above 50%, their share in the bank's portfolio is reduced from 18 to 15%, and over 80% — from 3 to 1%, so it will become even less profitable for lenders to work with such clients, the economist explained.
At the same time, the initiative carries several risks, Maria Ermilova warned. Firstly, because of the debt for housing and communal services, a person may not be given a bank loan to repay an expensive microloan. As a result, he will remain a client of MFOs with higher rates. Secondly, the FSSP information may be updated with a delay: already closed production can lead to unjustified refusal, so a mechanism for quick verification of information will be required, the expert noted.
Finally, some citizens may try to hide their income or go into informal employment so that the alimony debt is less, Maria Ermilova believes. At the same time, the threat of losing the opportunity to get a mortgage or a car loan will become an incentive to pay off even small utility bills in advance, she said.
Thus, the Central Bank actually blurs the line between credit and household debts: a person's financial discipline will be assessed not only by his relations with banks. Even a small delay in housing and communal services or alimony payments can close the way to a mortgage before foreclosure significantly hits the wallet.
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