"Moscow healthcare is experiencing a reconstruction boom"
Moscow intends to further increase the number of budget college places for Moscow schoolchildren — agreements with private educational institutions, as well as universities with secondary vocational education institutions, will be concluded in the near future. Anastasia Rakova, Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Social Development, told Izvestia about this in an interview. This year, about 60 new school and kindergarten buildings will start operating in the capital — they are currently at various stages of construction. In addition, plans are being discussed to create new medical hospitals — an emergency hospital in Troitsk and a second stage hospital in Kommunarka. See our article about what other transformations await the capital, in particular, how the project to help premature babies will work.
"Those who study well have consciously chosen vocational education"
— Currently, the unemployment rate in the country is at a record low, which indicates a shortage of personnel. What is the shortage in the capital? In which industries is it most felt?
— The labor market in Moscow is one of the largest and most diversified in Europe: the city's economy employs 8 million people. There is a shortage of personnel in almost all sectors, and it is most acute in industry, construction, transport, and IT.
We currently have half a million vacancies, 75% of which require specialists with secondary vocational education (SPE). The main source of replenishment of the workforce is, of course, young people who enter the market after completing their education. But only 20% of these guys have secondary vocational education, 60% have higher education.
— This year, Moscow has entered an experiment to expand the availability of secondary vocational education. Tell us about his first results.
— We have been developing vocational education for several years now, because we see a request from both employers and children and their parents. More and more children want to get a real profession, earn money, and stand on their own.
This year, Moscow, along with two other regions (St. Petersburg, Lipetsk region. — Ed.) entered into this experiment on PDF. It has two directions. First, the regions were given the right to set college admission targets for children in that region. And secondly, for the first time, students who graduate from the ninth grade are given the opportunity to take not four subjects on the OGE, but two — compulsory Russian and mathematics.
To date, about 40 thousand ninth graders, or 34%, have decided to take two exams and go to college. And 13 thousand of them are those who study well, at "4" and "5". They definitely could not have had any problems with taking additional exams, but they deliberately chose vocational education.
And the city's task is to provide these guys with budget places in colleges. To date, 43 thousand such places have been opened. It's more than a need. But, of course, we are solving a more difficult task for ourselves.
"What's she wearing?"
— We would not just like every Moscow child to get a free place in college. We would like it to match his interests as much as possible. Therefore, we do not focus only on the capital's budget places. Agreements with federal universities, which include colleges, as well as with large private providers, are currently in the final stages. So, it is planned to provide 3 thousand more places.
Moreover, we have focused on those areas that are popular. These are nurses — they will be trained by the First Med (Sechenov University. — Ed.). These are I T specialists, firefighters, police officers, elementary school teachers and specialists in correctional pedagogy. I hope that we can help the guys find their place in life and choose a profession they like.
— It is hardly possible to eliminate the need for personnel only at the expense of graduates of vocational schools. What is there for adults? How do they adapt to the new trends and needs of the city?
— Continuous learning is the main trend of the 21st century. And we are trying to develop technologies that allow us to change professions. A few years ago, we opened the Professions of the Future center and provided an opportunity for adults, as well as young people who have not yet entered the labor market, to choose one of the 75 training programs and master it in a short time. In the same center, you can consult with HR specialists and interview with an employer.
This year, the center will have its own large practical training platform, Pechatniki. This is 9 thousand square meters, where 30 workshops and the most modern laboratories will be concentrated. Here we will train 60 types of specialists for nine main sectors of the economy. The conditions will be as similar as possible to working conditions, and the level of qualifications that will be given will allow you to quickly enter those niches where there is a special need and, consequently, decent wages.
"We will build big beautiful modern schools"
— A school renovation program has been launched in Moscow. Last year, only four buildings passed through it, but this year there will be dozens. What will be done, and in what time frame?
— 51 schools will open their doors to young Muscovites on September 1. And one hundred schools have already been repaired in order to receive children by September 1 next year. The space that we are creating now is enjoyed by children, parents, and teachers alike. It is innovative, modern, comfortable and maximizes the quality of school education. In the future, we will modernize one hundred schools every year, and in the next few years we will bring those buildings that can be renovated to a new standard.
— And how many new schools will be built?
— About 60 new school and kindergarten buildings will be built and put into operation this year. Previously, we built facilities primarily in areas where there was massive housing construction and existing schools could not cope with the influx of new residents.
Now we have expanded the concept and will build schools not only for the growth of the contingent, but also for the renewal of the old educational fund. A lot of school buildings were built before the revolution. They are small, and even as part of a major renovation, it is impossible to turn them into a modern, comfortable educational space. Therefore, such buildings will go out of circulation, and we will build large, beautiful, modern schools.
And we are starting this program with the CAO. Five land plots have already been selected, and large educational complexes are being designed so that students from old buildings can move to new innovative schools that could rightfully be called schools of the future.
"The Women's Health Center is a well—thought-out medical system"
— Muscovites have already got used to the new image of the capital's polyclinics. What new medical facilities will be opened for Muscovites in the near future?
— Moscow healthcare is experiencing a boom in reconstruction and construction. We are simultaneously engaged in both the polyclinic and inpatient units. The largest, probably even on a global scale, program of capital repairs of polyclinics is reaching the finish line. 290 polyclinics already accept Muscovites, and this is 85% of the total fund, we will complete the rest by the end of the year. The latest VTSIOM data shows that more than half of the townspeople are already saying that urban polyclinics are even superior to private ones.
The second direction is the creation of Women's Health Centers to replace the morally and physically outdated women's clinics. To date, five centers are operating, 11 more will open this year, and six of them literally in the coming months. There will be 30 such centers in the city. We believe that this will allow us to reach a new level of assistance to women.
The same massive modernization is underway in relation to hospitals. To date, we have 23 hospital buildings with a total area of more than 100,000 square meters in need of major repairs, 13 buildings are coming out of repair in the coming years.
The construction of two new complexes for large hospitals is being completed. In particular, for the multidisciplinary children's hospital of St. Vladimir. She will provide comprehensive assistance to young Muscovites in the framework of emergency and planned care, including in the field of high-tech complex surgery. The new space will open its doors in the fall. Also this year, the 62nd Cancer Hospital will receive a new complex. It is a large, modern clinic that is popular and respected among both Muscovites and residents of other regions.
And we have reached the construction stage for the 52nd hospital and the new space of the Sklifa medical complex, a well-known high—tech clinic. In addition, we are designing the largest children's hospital, which will be located in the west of Moscow.
— What are your plans for the future?
— We are constantly thinking about what other new medical facilities are needed. And now we are actively discussing the construction of a new urgent hospital in the Troitsk city area, because this is a promising development area. We understand that New Moscow is developing rapidly, and we are preparing for the construction of the second stage of the hospital in Kommunarka.
We really hope that the birth rate in the capital will grow, and we are already planning the construction of a new modern perinatal center and maternity hospital in the center of Moscow at the First City Hospital. We will definitely build the second stage of St. Vladimir's Hospital, which will deal with the comprehensive rehabilitation of young Muscovites.
— What new programs will be implemented in Moscow medicine?
— We have an active program of robotic surgery. And the number of robotic operations will grow every year.
Moreover, modern facilities allow us to start projects that we could not even dream of before. For example, when polyclinics come out of repair, we form a single standard for equipping them with equipment. Now every such clinic has an endoscopic office. Today, even after providing all patients with the necessary examinations, gastro- and colonoscopies, we see a reserve of capacities that we consider appropriate to focus on prevention, medical examination, or, more simply, check-up.
We were contacted by the Moscow Society of Oncologists, which believes that it is important not only to detect oncological diseases at an early stage, but also to prevent their occurrence. And diseases of the gastrointestinal tract have precursors, the exclusion of which prevents the development of a malignant process. Therefore, we have opened a new program for Muscovites who have not undergone such studies for a long time, and some have never passed, to enroll in an automatically opened referral to a polyclinic or an endoscopic center, undergo research and live in peace.
— You mentioned women's health centers. How do they differ from the usual women's consultations?
— Women's health centers are the main element of the new obstetric and gynecological standard. Here, a woman receives the full range of necessary medical care — consultations, examinations, and follow-up.
Unlike the old women's clinics, which were usually located on the ground floors of houses, were small and uncomfortable, the Women's Health Center is a well—thought-out medical system. The center is located in a separate building, there is enough space to accommodate all the necessary specialists and equipment. There is also a place for a cafe, comfortable waiting areas are equipped. And we really hope that Muscovites will love the centers.
And, most importantly, women's health centers do not exist on their own. They are part of the structure of a multidisciplinary hospital, which includes one or more maternity hospitals and a large gynecological department. This ensures, if necessary, a seamless transition of a woman to hospital treatment.
— There is also a separate reproductive health project in the city. He turns one year old in September. What are the preliminary results already available?
— The project has been in existence for nine months, and during this time, more than 200,000 Muscovites have taken advantage of the opportunity to take a fertility test and anti-muller hormone. And everyone has the right. When a woman makes such a decision for herself, she can go to the clinic at any time and take the appropriate analysis.
When we created this program, our goal was to help women consciously enter pregnancy and understand the state of their body. Now young girls and women have the illusion that they can give birth at any time. This is partly due to the fact that medicine can work wonders, but it is advisable to do everything on time. Every woman's body is unique. And the program allows you to plan your pregnancy correctly. For example, you can see that it is undesirable to postpone the birth of a child for future periods.
3409 women who have performed such an analysis have already been registered for pregnancy. Slightly less than 250 women took advantage of the cryopreservation program and froze their genetic material, 82 embryos underwent genetic testing. By developing this program, we are also increasing the number of in vitro fertilization procedures. This year, 14,000 women can take them for free as part of the compulsory medical insurance program.
"We are working in areas that require a non-standard approach"
— There are 2.4 million children living in Moscow now. What new medical programs exist for young patients?
— Yes, in addition to the general improvement of the quality of children's medical care, we are working in certain areas that require a non-standard approach. The first is to create specialized centers for the treatment and continuous management of children who suffer from severe pathologies and require constant supervision by a highly qualified team of specialists.
The second is for children who are born prematurely, with extremely low body weight, or who were in critical situations during birth and were on a ventilator for a long period.
As soon as such children are born, their parents are forced to become "doctors" in a very short time, to delve into treatment regimens and standards of supervision. This is a huge stress for everyone. And, of course, time is very important here, and it is lost if the child is not led by the same team of specialists.
Doctors in ordinary polyclinics cannot and should not cope with such situations. Such children should be led by doctors who are focused on the treatment of complex pathologies.
Another area concerns the development of stationary replacement technologies. Medicine does not stand still, and what previously required hospitalization for several days can now be done on an outpatient basis or in day hospitals. Therefore, we are also developing hospital-substituting technologies for children's healthcare, especially since being in the hospital every day is stressful for both parents and children.
Last year, we launched an endoscopic center at the Morozovskaya Hospital, which allows children to be examined under sedation in a few hours. A few days ago, we launched a Rapid Surgery Center, also in the Morozovskaya Hospital. Children are being helped here, and planned operations are being carried out. The necessary intervention is performed within one day, and after 5-6 hours the child can go home. Parents are nearby throughout the entire process, and the first people the children see after they open their eyes are, of course, their loved ones. I think it's very important.
— How do the centers for children with chronic pathologies work?
— We have now opened six specialized centers. Three centers work for children with cardiological pathology, and three centers for gastrointestinal diseases in children. All of them are open as part of multidisciplinary hospitals, which makes it possible to provide assistance to children in a closed cycle, from disease diagnosis to subsequent treatment.
Moreover, this treatment is usually cyclical, staged, when children return to the hospital bed several times for further full—fledged follow-up by a multidisciplinary team of doctors, each of whom is responsible for a specific child. Such a team has the opportunity not only to help children with their underlying disease, but also to adjust and monitor therapy when a child suffers from any other disease, including seasonal ones.
— What is the fundamental difference between early care centers and treatment centers?
— Treatment centers are aimed at children who suffer from serious illnesses. Early care centers are focused on children who were born prematurely and were born with extremely low body weight. Babies who experienced critical situations during the birth process were on a ventilator. 120 thousand children are born in the capital every year. Of these, about 6-7% require such early proactive monitoring.
I would like to note that today in Moscow we have an extremely low infant mortality rate — 3.3 per thousand newborns. These are the world's best standards. In ten years, infant mortality in the city has decreased 2.5 times, 99% of children with low body weight are now surviving, and the vast majority of children with extremely low body weight — 500-600 grams — are surviving.
Of course, medicine today creates all the conditions for these children to be born and for their lives to be preserved. But their bodies are immature, and the main vital systems are under threat. For most perinatal pathologies, if you start taking care of these children on time, you can help a child reach their healthier peers by the age of one. It is very important not to miss a single day here. It is precisely the early aid centers that will be engaged in helping such children.
It is very important that we create a seamless and proactive environment. Even in the maternity hospital, every mother who has such a special baby is invited to gain a foothold in one of these centers, there are now four of them in the city, they are open on the basis of large multidisciplinary hospitals — and a multidisciplinary team of neurologists, cardiologists, neonatologists, surgeons will guide this child.
We will also open 16 development centers in the project. The doctors are joined by social protection and education workers - psychologists, speech therapists, speech pathologists, physical education specialists and social workers.
We have launched the project of Early Aid Centers in the order of approbation. We hope that from September 1 we will launch it in full.
Переведено сервисом «Яндекс Переводчик»
