The doctor stated about the possible connection of the imbalance of microbiota with obesity and diabetes

Our health is usually judged by blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels. However, there is another important indicator that cannot be seen on ultrasound or X—ray, the microbiota. It is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that live in the intestines, on the skin, and on the mucous membranes and play a key role in metabolism and the immune system. Olga Patyukova, an Invitro gastroenterologist, told Izvestia on June 25 about what the microbiota is, what diseases it is associated with, how antibiotics affect its balance and what diagnostic methods are used today.

"The microbiota is a collection of bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa that are constantly present in the human body. The intestinal microbiota is considered the most studied, since it is the most numerous and has the most pronounced effect on health, tens of trillions of microorganisms live in the human intestine, and their total mass can reach 1.5–2 kg. In fact, this system is called a "separate organ" with its own set of genes, which is many times more diverse than the human genome," the expert explained.

According to her, these microorganisms are involved in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates, the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids and vitamins, help digest food, protect against pathogenic bacteria, support the immune system and can even influence human mood and behavior.

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Patyukova noted that taking antibiotics has a significant impact on the microbiota. If used improperly or frequently, they disrupt the balance of microflora, leading to dysbiosis, decreased bacterial diversity, digestive disorders, and in some cases, antibiotic-associated diarrhea. In addition, it increases the risk of bacterial resistance to therapy, so antibiotics should only be used as prescribed by a doctor.

Different diagnostic methods are used to assess the state of the microbiota today.: bacteriological fecal culture, biochemical and immunological tests, as well as modern molecular methods such as PCR panels and 16S rRNA sequencing, which make it possible to more accurately study the composition of the microbial community.

The microbiota is now considered an important factor influencing many processes in the body, from digestion to the immune and nervous systems, the doctor added. Maintaining her health includes the rational use of antibiotics, a balanced diet with sufficient fiber and the restriction of ultra-processed foods, and if symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract appear, it is recommended to consult a doctor in a timely manner.

On June 16, Science Daily magazine explained the association of diabetes with an increased risk of dementia. According to researchers, people with diabetes are about 60% more likely to develop dementia compared to those with normal blood sugar levels. According to the publication, diseases mutually increase the risk of developing each other through a number of biological mechanisms, including impaired insulin metabolism and damage to brain vessels.