The doctor named the main mistakes of Russians during the heat

Abnormal heat can lead to overheating, heat stroke, and exacerbation of chronic diseases, especially among residents of a megalopolis with a high density of buildings and the effect of an "urban heat island." How to protect the body at high temperatures and avoid dangerous health consequences — in the Izvestia article.

Rules of behavior on the street

To protect against heat stroke, general practitioner, occupational therapist of JSC "Medicine" (Academician Roitberg clinic) Svetlana Burnatskaya recommends following the "rule 11-17" and staying in the shade during the hours of maximum solar activity. Loose-fitting clothes should be chosen from natural light fabrics such as cotton and linen, as they help to evaporate sweat. During the heat, it is advisable to reduce physical activity and abandon dense decorative cosmetics that block the work of sweat glands.

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Svetlana Burnatskaya advised using a contrast shower in the morning to train blood vessels. During the day, it is enough to rinse your face, neck and wrists with cool water to cool down quickly. Indoors, windows should be kept closed and curtained, opening them for ventilation only after 22:00, when the outside air cools down.

Drinking regime and nutrition

At high temperatures, the body loses up to 1.5 liters of fluid per hour, so it is important to maintain a water balance. The therapist recommends drinking 1.5–2 liters of water per day, consuming it fractionally — 150-200 ml every 40-60 minutes. Non-carbonated water, warm green tea without sugar and unsweetened fruit drinks are considered optimal drinks. At the same time, alcohol, sugary soda and strong coffee should be excluded, which accelerate fluid loss.

Improper drinking can lead to blood clots and overload of the cardiovascular system. According to the doctor, the heart starts beating faster to maintain pressure when the volume of circulating blood drops. Fractional fluid intake helps maintain blood flow and avoid sudden loads on the myocardium and kidneys.

Symptoms of heat stroke

A critical condition in case of overheating is characterized by a failure of the thermoregulation system and an increase in body temperature above 40 degrees. Dangerous symptoms include sudden weakness, confusion, severe headache, nausea, shortness of breath, and cessation of sweating. Before the arrival of the doctors, the victim should be moved to a cool place, laid on his back with his legs raised and cold compresses applied.

People with chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes need special monitoring. The doctor urges hypertensive patients to measure blood pressure three times a day and not to change the dosage of drugs on their own. Diabetic patients need to constantly monitor their glucose levels and take their prescribed medications on time.

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Using air conditioners

When using climate control systems, it is important to avoid sudden temperature changes that can cause vascular spasm and infections. The recommended indoor temperature is up to +23 degrees, and the difference from the street should not exceed 7-10 degrees. The air flow should not be directed at a person, it is better to orient it towards the ceiling or wall.

As an alternative to split systems, the doctor suggests putting a container with cold water or ice in front of a conventional fan. Evaporating moisture will reduce the temperature in the room by several degrees without the risk of hypothermia.