The gynecologist named the main signs of the approaching menopause.

Menopause is a natural stage in a woman's life, but its symptoms and consequences require attention and timely medical support. On May 18, Sabina Khanmirzoeva, an obstetrician-gynecologist and surgeon at JSC "Medicine" (Academician Roitberg Clinic), told Izvestia about this.

According to the specialist, from a medical point of view, menopause is confirmed by the absence of menstruation for 12 months in a row. It usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, and the average age of its onset is about 51 years. Early signs may include an irregular menstrual cycle, hot flashes, night sweats, dry mucous membranes, sleep disorders, and mood swings. At the same time, the expert notes that such symptoms are not always associated solely with hormonal changes.

"Hot flashes, excessive sweating, or palpitations may be associated with other conditions, such as thyroid disorders. Therefore, if symptoms are severe, it is important to consult a doctor for an accurate diagnosis," explained Khanmirzoeva.

The specialist recalled that the transition to menopause takes place in several stages. First comes perimenopause, a period of hormonal adjustment when the cycle becomes irregular and the first symptoms appear. This is followed directly by menopause, the last independent menstruation. Postmenopause begins after it. The entire transition period can last from several months to five to seven years.

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The doctor also noted that some women may experience menopause before the age of 40. Early menopause can be caused by a genetic predisposition, autoimmune diseases, ovarian surgery, as well as chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

There are both hormonal and non-hormonal methods for relieving symptoms. Among the latter, the expert identifies drugs based on phytoestrogens, vitamin D, calcium, and cognitive behavioral therapy. However, the effectiveness of such methods is individual and requires expert advice.

According to the doctor, special attention should be paid to lifestyle. A balanced diet, regular physical activity, smoking cessation, weight control and preventive examinations help reduce the risks associated with age-related hormonal changes.

After menopause, women are more likely to develop osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. In addition, hormonal changes can affect the emotional state, causing anxiety, irritability and depressive states.

"Menopause is not a disease, but a new stage of life. With proper training and support from specialists, a woman can maintain a high quality of life and well—being," the doctor emphasized.

An obstetrician-gynecologist, gynecologist-endocrinologist, and a leading specialist in the Semeynaya clinic network, Maria Bakhmetyeva, told Izvestia on November 24 that an adequate examination would help significantly reduce the risks to the health of the baby and the expectant mother. According to her, it is necessary to eliminate alcohol and smoking, ensure moderate physical activity, and normalize sleep and wakefulness. In addition, you should start taking some vitamins, Bakhmetyeva added.