Scientists have explained the role of adipose tissue vessels in the development of diabetes

The blood vessels of adipose tissue not only respond to diseases, but can also participate in their development. This was reported on April 23 in the journal Medical Xpress.

Until now, the treatment of obesity and type II diabetes has focused primarily on metabolic and hormonal mechanisms. Adipose tissue has long been considered an active endocrine organ that continuously interacts with other body systems. The role of endothelial cells in human adipose tissue has not been described in such detail before.

"Our results show that blood vessels not only respond to the disease, but can also play an active role in the underlying processes," said Joanna Maria Kalutska, head of the study and associate professor of Biomedicine at Aarhus University.

The researchers analyzed about 70,000 cells from the blood vessels of the adipose tissue of 65 people using single-cell sequencing methods. This allowed us to obtain a much more detailed picture than in previous works. The analysis showed that the vessels consist of several types of endothelial cells, each of which, apparently, performs its own specialized function.

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When comparing healthy people with patients with obesity and type II diabetes, scientists found marked differences: under conditions of disease, vascular cells began to exhibit properties that promote inflammation and tissue damage— two key mechanisms for the development of metabolic diseases.

In addition, the researchers identified a previously undescribed group of cells with mixed characteristics: it combined signs of vascular, fatty, connective tissue and immune cells. According to Kalutsky, this indicates a greater plasticity of cells than previously thought, and may have implications for understanding the mechanisms of the disease.

The data obtained indicate that vascular function is an underestimated therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity and type II diabetes. The authors have made the results openly available as an interactive atlas for other researchers.

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