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- All over the body: innovative bio-ink will accelerate the creation of custom organs
All over the body: innovative bio-ink will accelerate the creation of custom organs
The new technology for creating biochernils will help to "grow" tissues for a specific patient in the laboratory and at the same time activate regeneration and regulation of inflammation. The innovative composition is also suitable for transportation and storage, which will accelerate the introduction of tissue-engineered organs into clinical practice. Now scientists are preparing to print the first periodontal complex implants from a new substance. The development is an important step towards standardized bioprinting of organs to order, experts told Izvestia.
What is the secret of stem cells?
Sechenov University researchers have developed a biochernil based on a hydrogel enriched with the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which stimulates cell migration and regulates inflammation. MSCs have strong regenerative and immunomodulatory potential, but their use directly in therapy is associated with long-term expensive developments and the creation of special conditions for their storage and transportation, the university told Izvestia.
Therefore, researchers are increasingly turning to secret MSCs, a complex of biologically active substances that synthesize these cells. This substance affects cell migration, regulates inflammation, but does not contain MSCs themselves, which simplifies the preparation, storage and transportation of a product based on it. However, there is no single protocol for secretome production yet, and changing the conditions of cell growth significantly changes its composition, the scientists note.
—We analyzed the MSCs secret from different sources under different cell culture conditions and developed a method for its production with pronounced biological activity," said Nastasia Kosheleva, a researcher at the Institute of Regenerative Medicine at Sechenov University. Encapsulation in a biocompatible hydrogel makes it possible to preserve the biological activity of the components and ensure reproducibility of the result, which is critically important for future clinical applications.
The developed hydrogel became the basis of biocharns for the biofabrication of tissue engineering constructs, that is, the technology of artificial cultivation of functional tissues and organs outside the human body. In the near future, scientists plan to print periodontal complex tissues.
The study became part of the university's systematic work to create a technology for obtaining organs to order. Previously, under the same grant, scientists obtained and characterized primary oral cell cultures, formed organoids from them, and developed personalized collagen membranes for tissue regeneration. The new hydrogel complements the biochernil line by offering a standardized delivery method for biologically active components.
Production of biochernils in Russia and the world
The field of bioprinting in Russia today is one of the most in—demand and promising, but one of the main problems in the way of printing organs and tissues is the development of bio-ink, the main components of which are hydrogels and human cells, Professor Larisa Volova, director of the Biotech Research Institute of SamSMU, market expert at NTI Helsnet, told Izvestia.
— There are a lot of requirements for them, and a number of researchers are engaged in the search for their optimal composition. Work is underway at Sechenov University using stem cells. The technology developed by colleagues for the production of biochernils based on a hydrogel enriched with the MSC secret is very interesting, promising and can become an important stage in the development of bioprinting in our country and in the world," said the professor.
Biochernil technology with a given biological activity is a key step for 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. It is such materials that make it possible not only to form three-dimensional structures, but to create functional tissue engineering blanks that can guide cell behavior, stimulate regeneration and reduce inflammation, Albert Rizvanov, head of the Personalized Medicine Center of Excellence at Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, emphasized in a conversation with Izvestia. In this context, the work of Sechenov University scientists fully fits into the global trends of biofabrication and personalized regenerative medicine.
— It is also fundamentally important that the secret of stem cells is used in biochernels. Today, there are two main concepts of the action of cell therapy. The first is substitution, which assumes that the transplanted cells are embedded in the tissue and replace the lost ones. The second is paracrine, according to which the main effect is provided not by the cells themselves, but by the factors they influence. The secret of mesenchymal stem cells is precisely the "essence" of this paracrine activity — a combination of growth factors, cytokines and vesicles that provide regenerative and immunomodulatory effects without the use of living cells, which greatly simplifies the clinical and technological implementation of such approaches, the expert said.
The results of the work, supported by a grant from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, were presented at the Conference of the International Society of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine in China, one of the key forums in the Asia-Pacific region on regenerative medicine, biomaterials and tissue engineering.
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