Open society: bailiffs will learn even more about the debts of Russians
Since September 1, banks and microfinance organizations (MFIs) have been required to provide the Federal Bailiff Service (FSSP) with information on debt collection, including involving debt collectors. Izvestia found out what information the FSSP would receive, how it would affect the debt collection process, the work of collectors and the debtors themselves.
Increase discipline
Since September 1, banks and microfinance organizations (MFIs) are required to provide the Federal Bailiff Service (FSSP) with information on debt collection, including involving debt collectors.
Market participants are expected to submit the first report under the new requirements in early April 2027. The document will contain information for the second half of 2026.
The main purpose of the innovations is to increase the discipline of debt collection and reduce the number of violations. Previously, the picture was incomplete: the FSSP, as the regulator of the foreclosure market, primarily controlled professional collectors.
At the same time, the collection market is not only collection agencies. The bulk of the collection falls directly on banks and MFIs. Now their work will come under additional control.
What information
— Bailiffs will receive not just a general signal about the delay, but a more detailed picture.: Who is collecting, to what extent is the work going on, are there any complaints and have collectors been involved," Larisa Mikhalskaya, head of the credit department at PJSC RosDorBank, explained to Izvestia.
The report will include basic information about the organization, as well as information about the number of customers with overdue debts, assigned contracts, and cases of involving representatives to interact with debtors.
In addition, the MFI will have to indicate how many debtors were involved in recovery, how many clients refused to interact and how many chose to communicate through their representative, says Olesya Kiselyova, CEO of Lime Credit Group.
The number of appeals and complaints about illegal actions during recovery, including repeated ones, will be reflected separately in the reports. In addition, the MFI will have to confirm that its activities comply with legal requirements.
More transparency
As the expert points out, now the debt collection process itself will become noticeably more transparent for the supervisory authorities.
"The new requirements close this gap: for the first time, the supervisory authority will see the entire market, will be able to monitor the methods used, identify systemic abuses and rely on numbers, not just individual complaints," says lawyer Oksana Grikevich.
In 2025, the FSSP received more than 34.8 thousand appeals from citizens regarding violations of rights in the repayment of overdue debts. This is about 4% more than a year earlier.
So, in Moscow alone, in the first half of 2025, the FSSP received 2,447 complaints from citizens about banks, MFIs and collectors. The bailiffs initiated 109 administrative cases under Article 14.57 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, and all of them ended in fines. The total amount of sanctions exceeded 10 million rubles.
At the same time, 79% of the substantiated complaints were not against professional collectors, but against banks and MFIs.
Now bailiffs will have more information about how creditors and collectors work with clients.
— If there are violations somewhere, it will become easier to notice and evaluate them. And the borrower will be able to file a complaint with the FSSP, the verification of the contents of which will not take much time," Larisa Mikhalskaya points out.
Responsible for collectors
Another important aspect that lawyers pay attention to is: now banks will have to be responsible for the actions of collectors, whom they involve in communicating with the debtor, as for their own. And for the collectors themselves, dual controls are installed.
Every call, every message, every collector involved is now potentially included in the report and in the field of view of the FSSP. Violation of the established procedure threatens the creditor with fines and an increased risk category, Oksana Grikevich emphasizes.
This approach will clearly encourage companies to change their approaches to the collection process in order to minimize the number of complaints from debtors and improve customer relations, believes Olesya Kiselyova.
It's better to negotiate
One of the key consequences for clients of banks and MFIs is that there will be fewer "gray methods" of pressure on debtors: they will cost the creditor dearly, experts agree.
Another thing is that if the case is overdue, it may go to court faster. If foreclosure becomes more formalized, and each stage of the delay needs to be documented, the lender may find it less beneficial to take a long, intensive out-of-court foreclosure.
— This is not necessarily worse: judicial punishment is limited by law, is controlled and is not accompanied by night calls, but it means state duty, enforcement proceedings and deductions from income, — says Oksana Grikevich.
On the other hand, the bank will not necessarily rush to court, because it is also money and time. If the debtor is willing to pay and agrees to the restructuring, this is quite suitable for the bank.
Thus, banks and MFIs will have more incentive to conduct their pre-trial work more carefully. And for solvent debtors, it is necessary to enter into a pre—trial dialogue with the creditor.
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