Human papillomavirus. What is known, what is dangerous and how to get tested

Russian women between the ages of 21 and 49 have been given the opportunity to take a free DNA test for human papillomavirus (HPV) as part of a reproductive medical examination under a compulsory medical insurance (CHI) policy. The new type of examination is included in the first stage of screening and is aimed at early detection of cancer risks. In case of a positive result, the patients will be assigned an additional examination — liquid oncocytology. About what the virus is, what is dangerous and how to take the test — in the material of Izvestia.

What is known about the human papillomavirus

The human papillomavirus is an extensive group of DNA-containing viruses that infect the skin and mucous membranes. According to the World Health Organization, between 50% and 80% of the world's population are infected with HPV during their lifetime. At the same time, clinical manifestations occur only in 5-10% of infected people.

In modern times, there are more than 190 known types of virus, differing in oncogenic potential. The most dangerous include types 16 and 18, which are considered the main risk factor for developing cervical cancer. At the same time, low-oncogenic types are more likely to cause benign changes.

Often, the virus persists in the body for a long time without pronounced symptoms. It is the latent course that makes the disease difficult to detect without laboratory methods. In this regard, regular screening is considered as a key tool for infection control.

What is the danger of HPV

According to recent data, low-oncogenic HPV types are more likely to cause benign changes in the skin and mucous membranes. We are talking about warts, papillomas and genital warts, which often do not cause significant discomfort. However, in some cases, complications are possible, including damage to the respiratory tract.

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Highly oncogenic types of the virus, on the contrary, rarely have external manifestations. With prolonged persistence, they can lead to the development of dysplasia and cancer. In some women, such changes are detected only with instrumental examination methods.

Experts emphasize that the risk of complications increases with a decrease in immunity and the presence of concomitant factors. In this context, regular screening and vaccination against the most dangerous types of HPV are considered as key preventive measures. Doctors believe that the expansion of medical examinations will increase the detection of risks at an early stage.

How to get tested and tested

To take the test, you need to consult a gynecologist or urologist. The specialist prescribes a PCR study with the collection of scrapings from the mucous membranes of the genitals. A blood test may also be performed.

In addition, preparation is required before the examination. It is recommended to refrain from sexual intercourse two to three days before the test and exclude the use of local medicines for several days or two weeks. Women should also not be tested during menstruation.

Experts note that following these recommendations increases the accuracy of the result. If the virus is detected, the patient is prescribed an additional examination and further monitoring. According to experts, this procedure allows timely detection of possible precancerous changes.

All important news is on the Izvestia channel in the MAX messenger.