The oncologist named five reasons to have a mammogram before the age of 40

Breast cancer is increasingly being diagnosed in young women, and the need for early screening is becoming critically important. On December 15, Elena Zhukova, oncologist, mammologist, plastic and reconstructive surgeon, head of the Mammology Center at JSC Medicine Clinic, told Izvestia about five key reasons to have a mammogram before the age of 40.

"The standard recommendations for screening for this disease from the age of 35 are designed for women with an average risk. If your risk is higher, it makes sense to think about an earlier diagnosis — an annual medical examination, ultrasound, breast mammography, as well as a visit to a mammologist," the specialist said.

The expert noted that one of the main reasons to have a mammogram before the age of 40 is a doctor's appointment. Even for young patients, it is important to follow the recommendations, especially if there have been cases of cancer in the family. If close relatives — mothers, sisters, aunts — have been diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer, they should inform their doctor and undergo genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.

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Being overweight is also an important factor. According to the oncologist, ultrasound in such cases is less informative than mammography: X-rays visualize adipose tissue better, which makes it possible to detect changes at an early stage.

With a confirmed diagnosis, mammography becomes an obligatory part of the treatment plan: the method allows you to regularly monitor the dynamics of the breast condition. Suspicious dense formations are also a direct indication for examination.

"In this case, we are talking about microcalcifications, which often become the very first sign of early cancer or incipient pathology. They are so small that ultrasound simply does not see them. Mammography, in turn, records them clearly and in advance. That is why it is used all over the world as a screening," Zhukova emphasized.

The doctor also drew attention to the influence of lifestyle. Chronic stress, unresolved emotional trauma, poor nutrition, and lack of exercise can weaken the body and increase the risk of cancer. The specialist reminded that giving up bad habits, physical activity and working with a psychologist are an equally important part of prevention.

Zhukova stressed that regular screening remains mandatory even in the absence of complaints: mammography is the main method of early detection, and ultrasound is an adjunct. She urged women to pay more attention to their health and not delay diagnosis if the risk is above average.

On December 8, Zhukova told Izvestia the early signs of breast cancer. It is necessary to be wary of the appearance of a lump in the mammary gland, especially if it is not related to the cycle and remains inactive. A sudden asymmetry can be a dangerous signal, when one breast increases or decreases for no apparent reason. Another alarming sign is swelling of the skin, which creates an "orange peel" effect due to damage to the lymphatic vessels.

All important news is on the Izvestia channel in the MAX messenger.