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- Chemical progress: new COVID-19 drugs and artificial bones are being patented in Russia
Chemical progress: new COVID-19 drugs and artificial bones are being patented in Russia
For Chemist's Day, which is celebrated on May 25, Rospatent experts have selected 10 relevant developments of Russian scientists and innovators in the field of chemistry, who have received patents over the past two years, specifically for Izvestia. Among them are inventions related to medicine, industry, and security systems. In particular, our scientists have made a blood-stopping agent, a liquid sealant for pneumatic tires, powder composites for 3D printing and new compounds from COVID-19.
"Stop the blood"
The Russian Scientific Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies named after Academician A.M. Granov has developed a hemostatic agent in the form of a two-layer film to stop bleeding. It has an increased ability to adhere, including to the wet wound surface, and therefore does not require additional materials for its fixation. The supporting layer consists of chitosan salt, glycerin and water, and the wound contact layer additionally contains tannin and arginine or oligoarginine, or polyarginine, or protamine sulfate.
To the delight of motorists
Inventors from Titan North-West LLC have come up with a liquid sealant for pneumatic tires of vehicles. The suspension is based on polyatomic alcohol and a water—soluble organic polymer, which give it the necessary viscosity, and an alumochrome catalyst, expanded clay, coarse rubber chips and other components form a vulcanizing plug. The resulting sealant is resistant to mechanical influences and temperature fluctuations, provides fast and durable sealing of punctures.
The method of producing needle coke
Scientists at St. Petersburg Mining University propose synthesizing needle coke by heating heavy resin, pyrolysis of gasoline raw materials, and subsequent delayed coking. The resulting material must be calcined in an inert medium at a temperature of 1400 to 1450 ° C for one to two hours. Thus, the output will be high-quality coke, which can be used for the manufacture of high-grade steel, as well as for lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles in the automotive industry.
Artificial bones
Scientists from Belgorod State National Research University have learned how to create biologically active materials that can replace damaged areas of bone tissue. Over time, osteoplastic material is completely replaced by bone tissue and absorbed by the body. X-ray contrast is also a distinctive feature, which makes it possible to visualize the process of introducing the material without additional reagents.
Materials for new age technologies
A new technology for creating a powder composite material for 3D printing has been developed at the N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics. Its feature is the polymerization of ethylene onto aluminum oxide particles, which forms a coating on filler particles. The resulting powder has an extended sintering temperature range and is suitable for layer-by-layer printing of complex shaped products. This material is suitable for the production of products in mechanical engineering, aerospace, medical and other fields of technology.
Beetroot and seeds will help cleaning
An environmentally friendly method of wastewater treatment was developed at the D.I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology. It is based on ordinary sugar beet, or rather pulp from it, which can be obtained even from the waste of its processing. The technology includes dehydration and carbonation of beet pulp in granular form. The finished product has a large volume of pores that absorb hydrocarbons. The cost of such a sorbent is about 20-40% less than that of known sorbents with similar characteristics, due to the cheapness and availability of raw materials, simplicity and low energy intensity of the process. Due to the good preservation of granulated beet pulp, year-round sorbent production is possible.
And experts from Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University suggest using sunflower husk as a sorbent, which has the ability to absorb heavy metal ions and is equally safe for the environment.
How to increase the service life of steel parts
Scientists from Yaroslavl State Technical University have found a way to increase the service life of products whose operation is associated with the friction of steel parts. A lubricating composition containing water, alcohol, glycerin and copper undecylate provides reduced wear of the friction pair materials, reduces the coefficient of friction and the temperature of the parts in the contact zone. The composition also enhances the anticorrosive properties of the product.
The coronavirus won't go away
The authors of the famous Sputnik vaccine, scientists at the National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya, continue to research and improve antiviral drugs. The new compound they developed shows a higher antiviral effect and has an activity 10-20 times greater than the active component of the drug Molnupiravir approved for the treatment of COVID-19. The result of the domestic development has received a complex name — 5'-O-(4-phenylbutanoyl)-N4-hydroxycytidine.
Detect explosives in time
Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin has developed a new chemical sensor sensitive to nitroaromatic explosives with a low detection threshold. Its advantage is the discovery of compounds such as picric acid and 2,4-dinitrotoluene, which are byproducts in explosives due to the processes occurring during their nitration. The sensor can be used in security systems at transport hubs, strategic facilities, as well as in crowded areas.
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