The doctor gave advice on how to deal with allergies in the summer

The main causes of summer allergies include exposure to sunlight, plant pollen, and food allergens found in seasonal fruits and vegetables. Natalia Mikhailova, a dermatovenerologist, cosmetologist, and creator of the MESALTERA by Dr. Mikhaylova brand of professional cosmeceuticals, told Izvestia on May 18. The expert gave some advice to the Russians.

"A summer allergy is an increased reactivity of the immune system to certain external stimuli, which are most active during the warmer months. At the same time, the immune system responds with an excessive inflammatory reaction to factors that are safe for most people," she said.

Sun allergy manifests itself in the form of photodermatitis, an inflammatory skin reaction to ultraviolet radiation. Pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds is also a common cause of allergies, causing seasonal hay fever accompanied by skin and respiratory symptoms. Some people experience cross-allergy, where a reaction to pollen increases sensitivity to certain foods.

The manifestations and severity of symptoms depend on individual factors: genetic predisposition, type of immune response, presence of other allergies, and general health status. If left untreated, allergies can have long-lasting and unpleasant effects on the skin.

"This is especially true for photodermatitis: chronic inflammation leads to thickening of the skin, cracking, hyperpigmentation (age spots) or hypopigmentation, as well as a decrease in the barrier function of the skin. Damaged skin becomes more susceptible to infections and other allergens, and scarring is possible, especially when combing," the cosmetologist said.

Allergy diagnosis requires mandatory consultation with a specialist dermatologist or allergist. Keeping a diary of symptoms also plays an important role, as it helps to identify triggers and understand the conditions under which reactions occur.

"It is important to know that allergies can occur for the first time in adults, even if such reactions have not been observed before. The immune system can change over time, and the appearance of new triggers is not uncommon," the expert emphasized.

According to her, in conditions of summer heat and solar activity, the main focus should be on skin protection. It is optimal to use light but closed clothing, wide-brimmed hats and sunscreens with a high SPF (at least 50) or water-resistant products that do not wash off during bathing. They must be applied regularly, especially when exposed to the sun for a long time. It is necessary to limit being outdoors during peak hours of solar activity (from 10 to 16 hours) and avoid contact with allergens, especially during the flowering period of plants.

To relieve allergy symptoms, a doctor may prescribe antihistamines, and if more severe— external corticosteroids. Cold compresses can help reduce itching and inflammation. The general condition of the body is also important: sufficient water, adequate sleep, and stress reduction help reduce the reactivity of the immune system.

"Diet also plays an important role. A diet rich in antioxidants (vegetables, herbs, berries, nuts, green tea) can reduce the severity of inflammatory processes and oxidative stress, contributing to a milder course of allergies," Mikhailova added.

However, some seasonal products, despite their benefits, can cause or exacerbate allergic reactions, especially in people with cross-allergy. A striking example would be strawberries, tangerines, oranges. A prolonged reaction to such products can cause persistent skin rashes, up to the development of atopic or contact dermatitis, the doctor emphasized.

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Speaking about cosmetics, the expert noted that to minimize the risk of allergy exacerbation, it is recommended to use hypoallergenic and non-comedogenic products with a minimum content of perfumes and preservatives.

"It's also important not to get carried away with organic cosmetics. Contrary to expectations, it contains even more preservatives, albeit natural ones, than conventional remedies. Such cosmetics can cause sensitization and lead to a severe allergic reaction," Mikhailova added.

In summer, aggressive cleansing should be avoided, for example, using alkaline soap. Hypoallergenic moisturizers will help maintain the protective lipid layer of the skin and maintain hygiene, especially after outdoor use.

"An integrated approach to the prevention and treatment of summer allergies — sun protection, minimizing contact with allergens, balanced nutrition, proper skin care and timely medical attention — can significantly reduce the risk of complications and maintain skin health even in the hottest period of the year," concluded the dermatovenerologist.

Earlier, on March 4, Natalia Ilyina, First Vice President and General Director of the Russian Association of Allergologists and Clinical Immunologists (RAAKI), told the Izvestia News Center that a quarter of the Russian population has an allergic disease. At the same time, a significant number of Russians have not been diagnosed with allergies.