The course of creation: scientific breakthroughs of the wartime showed the Polytechnic Museum

The Science of the Great Victory outdoor tablet exhibition has opened in Moscow. It is available for everyone to see. The exhibition is dedicated to the role of Soviet science in the history of the Great Patriotic War. The information is posted on the posters. They talk about scientific developments and discoveries that largely determined the success of the Soviet people in the fight against the invaders.

What the new exhibition tells about

The Science of the Great Victory is the subject of a new outdoor tablet exhibition, which opened on Tuesday, May 6, in Moscow on Rozhdestvensky Boulevard. The exposition was prepared by the staff of the Polytechnic Museum with the support of the Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the National Center for Historical Memory under the President of the Russian Federation.

— The exhibition tells about the contribution of scientists to our Great Victory. Materials from the Polytechnic Museum, the Kurchatov Institute, and the National Center for Historical Memory were used to prepare it. The exhibition presents only a small part of the material that has been studied and that we would like to show," Ekaterina Yatsishina, Deputy Director of the Kurchatov Institute for Scientific Work, said in her speech at the opening ceremony.

She noted that the years of the Great Patriotic War became a time of searching and rapid implementation of the most daring scientific and technical solutions.: Thousands of discoveries and inventions made by Soviet scientists made a huge contribution to the victory over the invaders.

— Victory Day would never have come without the personal contribution of every citizen of our country. Of course, we pay tribute to the soldiers who fought off the enemy's onslaught on our Homeland with weapons in their hands and heroically fell in the struggle for a common cause. But the role of the rear, which provided the army and the life of the rest of the country with its labor, is no less important," said Dmitry Kozhanov, director of the Polytechnic Museum.

Everyone's work was important in the rear, he added. During the Great Patriotic War, Soviet science continued to work and prosper. First of all, the emphasis was placed on military developments. With their help, the technical equipment of the Soviet Army was only being developed and modernized based on combat experience.

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Achievements of scientists during the war

As part of the opening ceremony, specialists of the Polytechnic Museum held an open lecture for everyone. According to the organizers, the Great Patriotic War became a challenge, having accepted and mobilized all efforts, Soviet science was able to quickly introduce breakthrough scientific and technical solutions into mass production, which largely predetermined the Victory.

The posters of the exhibition are designed in accordance with this concept. Each of them tells how scientific achievements have helped solve significant military tasks. For example, in a collage dedicated to the history of the creation of Katyusha multiple rocket launcher systems, specialists from the Polytechnic Museum posted information about scientists who contributed to the development of this type of weapon.

For example, about engineers Vasily Aborenkov, the author of the idea of a combat vehicle with rockets on a launcher, and Vasily Luzhin, a scientist who developed the design of ammunition for this system with a maximum range.

Also on the poster, which tells about the creation of the Road of Life to save the besieged in Leningrad, the organizers of the exhibition posted information about physicist Pavel Kobeko. In the besieged city, this scientist supervised all defense work at the Leningrad Institute of Physics and Technology, including research on the ice cover of Lake Ladoga.

In particular, he proposed the idea of a "deflection recorder", a device for recording ice fluctuations. With his help, experts determined the speed at which cars should move and under what conditions tanks could cross the Neva River.

At the same time, according to the organizers of the exhibition, it should be recalled that it was during the war years that Soviet scientists were able to resume uranium research and the atomic project, which became one of the most ambitious and strategically important scientific and technological achievements in the country's history.

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Two tablets are devoted to this topic in the exhibition at once. One of them tells about the work on the exploration and extraction of uranium, which, in accordance with a decision taken at the highest state level, was resumed in September 1942. Thanks to these measures, by the end of the decade, our country reached production volumes of more than 2 thousand tons per year.

The second poster tells about the creation in 1943 of Laboratory No. 2 of the USSR Academy of Sciences, headed by Igor Kurchatov. The main task of the scientific complex was to conduct nuclear research. It was here that the cyclotron was launched in 1944, which made it possible to accumulate the initial amount of weapons-grade plutonium by irradiating uranium with neutrons.

During the war, the laboratory also developed technologies for creating armor for tanks, mine protection for ships and military equipment, and radar reconnaissance systems to protect cities. In addition, thanks to the dedicated work of scientists, the first uranium-graphite reactor in Eurasia was built here on December 25, 1946. Later, one of the largest research centers in the country, the Kurchatov Institute, was established on the basis of the laboratory.