The doctor warned about the causes of hypertension

Arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Meanwhile, high blood pressure is often inherited. Anastasia Malai, a cardiologist at SM Clinic, told Izvestia about the causes of this pathology.

According to her, there are primary and secondary hypertension. The primary one has no specific identifiable cause and develops gradually over the years. However, there are factors that can contribute to its development.

"In particular, it is a genetic factor. Heredity plays a significant role in the development of hypertension. Studies show that the presence of hypertension in parents increases the risk of its occurrence in offspring," Malai explained.

She added that certain genetic markers associated with blood pressure regulation may also contribute to this disease.

In addition, lifestyle is important, especially nutrition. Excessive salt intake, a carbohydrate-rich diet, and a lack of fruits and vegetables can contribute to high blood pressure. Salt retains water in the body, increasing blood volume and stress on the heart.

"Another factor is obesity. Excess body weight is one of the main risk factors for hypertension. Excess fat, especially in the abdominal area, increases blood flow resistance and increases blood pressure," the cardiologist added.

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At the same time, insufficient physical inactivity is a significant factor in the development of the disease. As the doctor explained, a sedentary lifestyle also leads to an increased risk of hypertension. Regular physical activity helps improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system, helps control weight and maintains normal blood sugar and cholesterol levels.

"It's also worth noting the effects of stress. Constant stress and emotional overload can lead to temporary or permanent increases in blood pressure. In response to stressful situations, the body releases hormones such as adrenaline, which can temporarily increase the heart rate and constrict blood vessels," Malai continued.

Secondary hypertension, according to the specialist, is associated with the underlying disease that a person has. This pathology can develop suddenly and lead to higher blood pressure than primary hypertension.

So, secondary hypertension may be associated with hormonal changes. Certain hormonal disorders, such as hyperthyroidism or conditions associated with elevated cortisol levels (such as Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome), can contribute to the development of hypertension. These hormones can affect the regulation of blood volume and blood vessel tone.

"Certain diseases, such as diabetes, kidney disease, and thyroid disease, can contribute to high blood pressure. Chronic inflammatory processes can also affect the walls of blood vessels and their ability to regulate blood pressure," the cardiologist added.

In addition, snoring, which causes obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), is an important factor contributing to the development of hypertension. As the doctor explained, with OSA, the airways are temporarily blocked, which leads to frequent awakenings and disruption of the normal sleep cycle. During episodes of sleep apnea, blood oxygen levels may decrease. These moments of hypoxia trigger activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which in turn can lead to increased blood pressure.

"Arterial hypertension is a serious disease that can lead to many dangerous complications and significantly impair the quality of life. Awareness of risks and timely medical care are key factors for maintaining health and preventing serious illnesses," Malai said.

On April 23, Natalia Zolotareva, a cardiologist and somnologist at the SM Clinic, told Izvestia about the dangerous consequences of atherosclerosis. According to her, atherosclerosis can lead to heart attack, stroke and even gangrene. In addition, the first signs of the disease are not excluded in 20-30 years.