- Статьи
- Science and technology
- DNA course: a gene drug for obesity and a nerve restorer have been patented in the Russian Federation
DNA course: a gene drug for obesity and a nerve restorer have been patented in the Russian Federation
The International DNA Day is celebrated on April 25. On this day in 1953, in the journal Nature, a group of scientists published the results of a study of the structure of the DNA molecule. Experts from the Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent) have collected outstanding achievements of Russian scientists in recent years for Izvestia, which show how this field is currently developing in our country. Thus, a unique complex for genome editing will make it possible to select therapies for diabetes, cancer and heart disease. And the Institute of Epidemiology has created a DNA calibrator that will treat HIV. Discoveries in medicine and engineering are ahead of their existing global counterparts, they said.
Prognosis and selection of treatment
The staff of the Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov has created an innovative ribonucleoprotein complex (RNA complex) for editing the human genome.
The invention of Russian scientists differs from previously known analogues in the efficiency of embedding an RNA complex into the DNA of a patient's cell. This makes it much more productive to study models of polygenetic diseases, including various forms of diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. The development simplifies the selection of the optimal method of prevention and treatment, and also allows you to predict the development of the disease and determine the protocol of necessary treatment.
Ultra-fast genome decoding
GAMMA-DNA specialists have practically perfected the decoding of the human genome. The method of tagless single-molecule sequencing using a charge-sensitive sensor developed by them makes it possible to decode the genome in just four hours with an accuracy of more than 99.9%. At the same time, the method is two orders of magnitude more accurate and significantly cheaper than its closest counterpart.
A new step in HIV containment
The Central Research Institute of Epidemiology has developed a DNA calibrator for rapid and accurate assessment of the HIV reservoir in the human body. A reservoir is a collection of DNA with the immunodeficiency virus in the target cells of an HIV patient's body, as a result of the resumption of replication of which new viral particles may arise. For this reason, it is still impossible to completely cure the infection. The data obtained with the calibrator helps predict the onset of the disease and monitor its stages, as well as identify the moment of discontinuation of therapy.
Brucellosis vaccine
The State Scientific Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology has developed a new method for producing recombinant protein for use in the brucellosis vaccine. This widespread disease in the world affects both animals and humans. But people are vaccinated against brucellosis only if there is a clear threat of infection. The reason for this is the risk of side effects.
Therefore, the improvement of brucellosis prevention technologies remains an urgent task for scientists. The proposed method makes it possible to obtain a drug with a low level of bacterial endotoxin, acceptable for injection.
Genetic constructs for nerve repair
The drug for stimulating regeneration and neuroprotection of nervous tissue was developed at Eyvigin company. Experts suggest using gene therapy to treat nerve fiber damage.
The introduction of specific genes encoding neuroprotective factors directly into the injury site has shown that they can contribute to the survival of neurons, axon regeneration, and restoration of tissue functions. By optimizing codons in genetic constructs, increased and sustained expression of neuroprotective factors is achieved, which ensures improved therapeutic results.
The cure for obesity
Sirius University of Science and Technology proposes to solve the global problem of our time - obesity using the tools of genetic bioengineering. One of the most effective ways is to transform white fat cells into a more cleavable (catabolically active) variant by reprogramming them. The proposed invention represents a variant of the nucleic acid encoding the PRDM16 gene packaged in an expression AAV vector.
According to studies conducted on laboratory mice, the introduction of an adeno-associated viral vector stimulates the transformation of white adipose tissue into brown and leads to a further decrease in mammalian weight. The expression vector is delivered to adipose tissue by injection. The innovation can be used for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders, in particular obesity.
Ultra-fast genome printing
Another achievement was made by specialists from Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radio Electronics. They have patented a nucleotide printer capable of synthesizing libraries of oligonucleotides with a density of up to 2,500 spots/cm2. The technical innovation of the device is the arrangement of needle—shaped and piezoelectric reagent dispensers on a printing carriage that moves inside the printer with high precision. Inside the printer, there are dispenser flushing and drying modules, as well as stroboscopic and viewing cameras for adjusting printing parameters and accurately determining spot coordinates. This makes it possible to significantly increase the scale of synthesis in comparison with known analogues.
Переведено сервисом «Яндекс Переводчик»
