The doctor spoke about the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases

Kidney diseases can now be brought under control in a timely manner at an early stage due to the development of technology. On March 13, Professor Evgeny Shpot, Deputy Director for Scientific Work at the Institute of Urology and Human Reproductive Health at Sechenov University, told Izvestia about the diagnosis of pathologies and methods of their treatment.

Kidney diseases should be divided into two significant groups: nephrological and urological, including oncourology. The first type includes such kidney pathologies as various types of glomerulonephritis, acute and chronic kidney disease, he specified.

"Urolithiasis is the leader among urological diseases, it is diagnosed in almost more than a million patients every year. In oncourology, a kidney tumor ranks third after prostate and bladder cancer. The annual increase in patients with this disease is about 20 thousand people," said Shpot.

At the same time, he noted that damage to both kidneys occurs in 2-3% of cases and is the most difficult situation for oncourology specialists. The increase in morbidity is associated with an increase in the quality of diagnosis. Currently, kidney tumors are more often detected in the early stages, which makes it possible to preserve the organ.

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The doctor also said that percutaneous endoscopic interventions are used to treat urolithiasis, in particular percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, in which a small puncture is made through which the stone is removed. Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRA) has been gaining popularity recently. In this case, the stone is removed without incisions on the patient's body — through the ureter.

"If we are talking about removing a tumor up to 2 cm in size, then in 98% of cases we rid the patient of this disease for life. The bigger the tumor, the worse the prognosis. For example, at stage T3, the prognosis is already around 60% during the five-year survival rate. Therefore, early diagnosis of a kidney tumor comes first," the doctor emphasized.

In addition, the specialist said that artificial intelligence is actively used today for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases. For example, the Sechenov web platform is used in clinical practice to plan organ-preserving operations to remove a kidney tumor.AI_nephro. It automatically combines the four phases of a CT scan into a single three-dimensional image in just a few minutes.

On March 12, Pavel Nizin, a urologist at the Sberbank Health medical company, told Izvestia about the symptoms of kidney disease. He noted that this can be indicated by edema of various localizations — the face, arms, legs. They occur due to fluid retention due to impaired renal excretion of sodium and water. The doctor reminded that changes in urination may also be a symptom of the presence of pathology.