The oncologist named the types of cancer that cause malignant tumors

Despite significant advances in oncology, there are a number of malignant neoplasms that are characterized by high aggressiveness and recurrence rate. Rasul Akhmaev, an oncologist at SM Clinic, told Izvestia on March 12 about which oncological diseases cause early metastasis.

According to him, these include cancer of the pancreas, ovaries and stomach. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (a cancerous tumor that forms in the ducts of the gland) is still considered one of the most difficult to treat, the doctor noted. Its development can be facilitated by chronic pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, bad habits, as well as a genetic predisposition.

Ovarian cancer, like most other cancers, is difficult to detect at an early stage due to the lack of characteristic symptoms. Even with the progression of the disease, the first signs may be reduced to only a slight bloating and slight malaise, the expert emphasized.

"In 80% of cases, patients are diagnosed with epithelial cancer, which initially develops in the fallopian tubes and only then affects the ovaries. Only in 30% of patients, the disease can be detected in the early stages, when the tumor has not yet spread beyond the ovaries, which gives favorable prognoses for treatment. In advanced cases, metastases spread to the abdominal cavity (carcinomatosis), as well as to the liver and lungs," Akhmaev said.

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One of the most dangerous is ring-shaped cell carcinoma. It occurs twice as often in men as in women. Unlike other types of malignant tumors of the stomach, the frequency of its diagnosis is increasing, having increased 10-fold over the past 10-15 years. In the early stages, the disease often goes unnoticed even during endoscopic and X-ray examinations, since the tumor does not cause noticeable changes in the gastric mucosa, the oncologist noted.

Akhmaev recalled that in more than 50% of cases, the diagnosis is made already in the presence of a large neoplasm accompanied by pronounced symptoms. During the latent course of the disease, metastases manage to spread to the surrounding tissues, omentum and peritoneum, and in women they often metastasize to the ovaries. The five—year survival rate for metastatic gastric cancer remains extremely low - no more than 5%.

"Currently, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is one of the most effective methods of combating aggressive cancers, which include tumors of the pancreas, stomach and ovaries. This method is based on the introduction of a chemotherapy drug at a temperature of 42-43 ° C directly into the abdominal cavity immediately after removal of the malignant formation. The main advantages of HIPEC are the complete destruction of cancer cells, a reduction in the likelihood of recurrence of carcinomatosis and a significant improvement in the prognosis for patients," concluded Akhmaev.

On February 17, Nikita Makarov, an oncologist at the SM Clinic, told Izvestia about diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that increase the risk of cancer. According to the expert, the most common precancerous conditions of the gastrointestinal tract in Russians who have an increased risk of degeneration into cancer are stomach ulcers, polyps and chronic gastritis.