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- Full chaos: will the limit on the number of cards per person be able to defeat droppery
Full chaos: will the limit on the number of cards per person be able to defeat droppery
The Bank of Russia is considering the possibility of limiting the number of bank cards per person to combat droppage. Elvira Nabiullina also suggests strengthening criminal liability for complicity in cashing out money. The Council of the Association of Participants in the Electronic Money and Money Transfer Market, instead of restricting the issuance of cards in one hand, suggests improving the compliance of financial institutions' policies and legislation (compliance). Thus, it is supposed to exclude situations when the bank sees that a person has issued a couple of dozen cards, performs transit operations on them, but does not take any measures. Details can be found in the Izvestia article.
What measures can help in the fight against droppery
The Bank of Russia is studying and discussing the possibility of limiting the number of bank cards per person to combat droppery, that is, fraud using front persons. This was announced by Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation Elvira Nabiullina at a meeting of the President of the Russian Federation with the government. She noted that "a normal person does not need 100 cards from different banks. Therefore, you can set a limit, for example, in one bank — up to five, and in several — up to 20. This will reduce the scale," the head of the Central Bank emphasized.
In addition, she believes that parents of teenagers under the age of 18 should consent to opening an account and receiving a card for a child, and they should be able to receive statements on the child's transactions. At the same time, in her opinion, "criminal liability should be introduced, because people often do not understand that they are accomplices of criminals." "Maybe the first one is a warning, but the second case should be criminalized, because it really helps to withdraw money," Nabiullina said.
The Russian Financial Commissioner's Office has a positive attitude towards this initiative. Strengthening control over the issuance of new cards will certainly reduce the number of loopholes for fraudsters, the financial ombudsman's office told Izvestia.
Evgenia Lazareva, head of the Central Bank's droppage working group and head of the Popular Front's project For Borrowers' Rights, notes that there is now a serious problem involving young people (applicants, college and technical school students, and students living in dormitories) in droppage.
According to Lazareva, now the majority of droppers are citizens under the age of 25. The lion's share of them are minors or students. The anti-droppers system involves getting information about them into the FinCERT database of the Bank of Russia. This means that their rights will be limited: they will be denied remote banking services and unlikely to be given loans. In addition, according to Lazareva, the introduction of criminal liability for the unlawful provision of bank cards to third parties is being actively discussed.
— In the future, with the introduction of criminal liability for dropping, a significant part of young people will be cut off from banking services, — says the interlocutor. — Because even a suspended sentence will not cancel getting into the dropper base. In such circumstances, not only will the quality of life of these young people decrease, but there will be a risk of their intensive criminalization.
Alexey Volkov, Marketing Director of the National Bureau of Credit Histories (NBKI), notes that limiting the maximum number of bank cards per person looks like a reasonable measure to combat droppers, "but details and elaboration are important here." After all, many users have been receiving payroll cards for decades and have not always closed their accounts correctly. Therefore, it is important not to harm law-abiding citizens, Volkov warned.
The Association for the Development of Financial Literacy (ARFG) adds that the law is absolutely necessary. If there are violations, then there must be opportunities to stop them, they point out. How effective they will be depends on whether a working procedural mechanism for obtaining the necessary evidence is developed. The article can be entered, but whether it will work is a big question, the ARFG notes.
Izvestia sent inquiries to the press service of the Central Bank and Rosfinmonitoring, as well as to the Committee on Combating Corruption and Extremism.
How fraudsters can start using banking details
The measure is relatively useful, but, like all simple measures, it is either ineffective (if the number of cards is large), or it will create difficulties for users (if it is small), says the chairman of the Board of the AED Association (Association of Participants in the Electronic Money and Money Transfer Market) Victor Dostov.
— To calculate the total number of cards, it is necessary to create a new information system. It's expensive and basically inefficient," he notes.
In his opinion, "it is simply necessary to strengthen compliance in this area, eliminating the situation when a guy has issued a couple of dozen cards for 20 years, drives transit operations on them, the bank sees this, but does not take any measures." At the same time, a number of banks are already successfully catching scammers and blocking them. It remains only to demonstrate to the rest zero tolerance for ignoring such obvious signs of dropping, adds Dostov.
JSCB Derzhava Bank explains that currently there is no information about the cardholder at the level of the National Payment Card System (NSPK). The name that is written on the Mir card is not used for data transmission and payment processing. In addition, it is possible for names to match, that is, it is necessary to organize centralized storage of data on all open cards of all individuals (distinguished by SNILS or INN, but not by name), with the possibility of checking by the bank in real time. "This is difficult to implement quickly and cheaply, we hope that there will be another way to solve the problem," the representatives of the banking sector emphasized.
There is another important aspect, says Dmitry Ermakov, head of the Financial Fraud Prevention Department at F6. If you limit the activity of drops at the level of a citizen, an individual, then fraudsters will probably start using the banking details of ordinary citizens whose devices are compromised. Modern malware technologies make it possible to implement this, the IT expert warns.
"As a result of malware activity, an ordinary citizen may be involved in a fraudulent scheme without his knowledge," he said. — For example, attackers are increasingly using special contactless payment applications to cash out. With the help of such applications using NFC technology, they link both drop cards and ordinary users to their smartphones, and then withdraw cash through ATMs. Every user of Android and Windows devices can be compromised.
Anton Bibarov-Gosudarev, Chairman of the Zaporizhia regional department of the Russian Bar Association, also suggests limiting the number of payment stickers — today they are an independent banking product, but they can also be used in fraudulent schemes.
In turn, BitRiver's director of communications, economist Andrei Loboda, believes that at the legislative level it makes sense to work out responsibility for teenagers if they are involved in a network of droppers: "Maybe it's worth considering raising the age limit for issuing personal — not parental — bank cards."
The legal quagmire
Representatives of regional banks believe that in order to introduce criminal liability, one of the main problems needs to be solved — the problem with evidence. Establishing a real connection between the accused and the committed act requires complex investigations, emphasizes Andrey Popov, head of the security department at Khlynov Bank.
— In order to bring someone to criminal responsibility, it is necessary to prove the fact of the person's participation in the crime. In the case of droppery, this can be difficult, since attackers often use front persons," he notes.
CEO of the Association for the Development of Financial Literacy (under the Central Bank) Veniamin Kaganov believes that perhaps the new law should provide for the need for notarization of a photocopy or the ability to open an account on behalf of another person only if there is a power of attorney, also notarized.
The representative of the Federal Chamber of Lawyers of the Russian Federation, lawyer Alexander Karavaev, is convinced that such restrictions themselves have a large number of flaws. For example, it is known that cards purchased on the black market can often be used for only one operation. Thus, a professional dropper does not really need to apply for hundreds of cards at once, the lawyer notes, since he can do the same thing gradually, closing used cards and opening new ones.
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