A doctor explained the role of stress hormones in metabolic diseases

Stress is a physical, emotional and psychological state that arises in response to a demand or threat that exceeds the body's normal capabilities, helping the nervous and endocrine system and leading to the release of hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which initiates the body's preparation for the "fight or flight" reaction, said Eshkin Muradov, an endocrinologist and leading specialist of the Semeynaya clinic chain. He told Izvestia on February 4 that cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline play an important role in the body, especially in the context of metabolic processes.

"These hormones are released in response to stressful situations, helping us to adapt to changes in the environment. However, it has been shown that chronic exposure to these hormones can lead to serious metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease," the expert explained.

As he clarified, cortisol, often referred to as the stress hormone, is produced by the adrenal glands and is responsible for many functions, including metabolic regulation. In moments of stress, the level of cortisol in the blood increases, which leads to an increase in glucose (blood sugar) due to the processes of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. This provides the body with the energy it needs to respond quickly to stressful situations. However, with constant stress, cortisol levels can remain high, contributing to insulin resistance, one of the key factors in the development of type 2 diabetes.

"Adrenaline and noradrenaline, known as catecholamines, also play a role in metabolism. They help mobilize energy stores by increasing blood glucose and fatty acid levels. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to increased heart rate and blood pressure. With prolonged exposure to these hormones, there may be an increase in fat mass, especially in the abdominal area, which is due to changes in fat distribution and lipid metabolism," Muradov said.

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Chronic stress also affects our eating behavior: in stressful situations, there is a desire to consume high-calorie foods. This can lead to an increase in body weight and, as a result, obesity. Obesity in turn is associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, the endocrinologist added.

"In addition, stress hormones can activate inflammatory processes in the body. Chronic stress promotes activation of inflammatory pathways, which can exacerbate metabolic disorders. Stress-induced inflammation can lead to tissue and organ damage, which also contributes to diabetes and cardiovascular disease," the expert pointed out.

The impact of stress hormones on metabolism, appetite and inflammatory processes emphasizes the need for stress management as an important aspect of prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.

"In our modern world full of stress and uncertainty, it is important to find ways to reduce it. Psychological and behavioral interventions such as meditation, physical activity and psychotherapy can help not only reduce stress levels but also improve overall metabolic health. It is important to remember that taking care of one's mental state is not only a matter of emotional well-being, but also a key aspect of physical health," Muradov concluded.

Earlier, on January 29, Natia Chekhoeva, a gastroenterologist and endoscopist at Gastro Clinic, told Izvestia that systematic consumption of excessive calories inevitably overloads the body. This not only increases body weight, but also puts a strain on internal organs, including the heart, liver, and pancreas.